Fecha: 16 junio 2026
Autor Ckelar: Luis E. Lara
Otros autores: Rodrigo A. Calderon, Marcelo A. Lagos y Alfredo A. Vives.
Revista científica: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Abstract
This study combines the Psychometric Paradigm and Cultural Theory to analyze volcanic risk perception (VRP) among more than two hundred residents and a comparable number of non-residents living in or visiting the high-hazard zone of Villarrica volcano. While the psychometric approach captures the multidimensional structure and relative positioning of key VRP factors, Cultural Theory helps interpret the cultural patterns through which risk perception is socially differentiated. Together, these approaches provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding VRP in support of emergency management. In this study, VRP is interpreted as a relative measure of awareness of potential volcanic consequences and preparedness-related factors, rather than as an expression of alarmism or perceived likelihood. A key distinction emerges between residents and non-residents. Residents display lower risk-related knowledge but higher levels of internal trust, reflecting strong community ties alongside more limited knowledge of hazards. Non-residents, in contrast, exhibit higher knowledge scores but lower internal trust, which may be associated with a potential overestimation of individual coping capacity during volcanic events. Despite these differences, both groups show similarly high levels of external trust, indicating confidence in authorities and experts and suggesting favourable conditions for adherence to official emergency guidance. Socio-demographic factors further shape VRP configurations. Elderly individuals and those outside the workforce tend to occupy lower VRP positions, highlighting groups that may benefit from tailored risk communication strategies. Higher educational attainment is generally associated with higher VRP, while economic activity, particularly in sectors such as tourism and agriculture, is linked to pronounced variability in risk perception. Indigenous populations are slightly overrepresented in lower VRP levels, underscoring the importance of integrating Indigenous knowledge systems more effectively into volcanic risk assessments. In contrast, no clear patterns are observed for gender identity or religion, although existing literature suggests these factors may influence risk perception in more complex, context-dependent ways. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of situating volcanic risk perception within its social, cultural, and economic context, and demonstrate how integrating complementary theoretical frameworks can support the design of more effective, group-specific risk communication strategies to enhance community resilience.